Assessment of fluoride concentrations in commercially available mouthrinses in central Saudi Arabia
نویسندگان
چکیده
OBJECTIVES To assess the fluoride concentration of different commercially available mouthrinses in central Saudi Arabia, and compare the obtained measurements with label values. METHODS This cross-sectional study identified 25 brands of mouthrinses in the markets of Riyadh city between August and September 2013. Nineteen brands of mouthrinses whose labels indicate the percentage of sodium fluoride (NaF) and 6 brands not indicating the fluoride percentage were included in the study. Three bottles of 2 manufacturing batches of each brand were acquired, coded, and analyzed after dilution using specific electrodes for fluoride and an ion analyzer at the College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS The average fluoride concentrations in the tested mouthrinses ranged from 8.4 ppm (Voza) to 448.7 ppm (Sensodyne `Pronamel`). Analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the fluoride concentration between the studied 25 brands. Almost 60% of the brands' fluoride concentrations were significantly different (mainly lower) from the label value. However, only 5 brands contain fluoride at a concentration not significantly different from the recommended fluoride concentration in daily mouthrinses 0.05% (225 ppm). CONCLUSION Most of the studied commercially available mouthrinses contain topical fluoride at concentrations below the manufacturers' label value, but above the recommended 0.05%.
منابع مشابه
Assessment of Annual effective Dose for Different Age Groups based on Radon Concentrations in the Groundwater of Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Introduction: Given that the groundwater is a radon contaminated and used as a source for drinking water, then measuring the amount contamination is of high necessity. Material and Methods: The measurement was performed using RAD-7 detector. Results: The measured radon concentration values ranged 1.20-15.4...
متن کاملFluoride toothpastes and fluoride mouthrinses for home use.
OBJECTIVE To provide a brief commentary review of fluoride-containing toothpastes and mouthrinses with emphasis on their use at home. Toothpastes and mouthrinses are just two of many ways of providing fluoride for the prevention of dental caries. The first investigations into incorporating fluoride into toothpastes and mouthrinses were reported in the middle 1940s. Unlike water fluoridation (wh...
متن کاملFluoride uptake into demineralized primary enamel from fluoride-impregnated dental floss in vitro.
Fluoridated mouthrinses are not advised for preschool children who may swallow much of the agent. An alternate method of delivering topical fluoride to the interproximal tooth surfaces in these young patients may be fluoridated dental floss. The purpose of this study was to determine the fluoride levels of demineralized primary enamel both before and after the use of a commercially available de...
متن کاملReform in Accounting Standards: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Middle East countries have begun to implement economic reforms to stimulate private investment, promote economic growth and support the transition to market economy. Although, it is difficult to define the direct impact of the accounting system reform on economic transformation, as there are many other conditions that have influence on the transition process. However, with the central position ...
متن کاملEconomic Relations of Japan with Iran and Saudi Arabia -A Comparative Study
This study aims at comparing the economic relations of Japan with Iran and with Saudi Arabia. The comparison of these two relations is important as Iran and Saudi Arabia are leading exporters and Japan is a large importer of crude oil in the world. After a brief overview of the history of these two relations, the criteria of trade complementarity, i.e. Trade Potential Naive Assessment, Cosine M...
متن کامل